Connector Cleaning (JDSU)

Contamination is the #1 reason for troubleshooting in optical networks. Dirt is everywhere, and a single particle mated into the core of a fiber can cause significant back reflection, insertion loss, and equipment damage. Most field test failures can be attributed to dirty connectors, and most connectors are not inspected until the detection of a problem, after the result of permanent damage. More than ever, proactive fiber inspection and cleaning have become network-critical measures that must be addressed.

 

Visual fiber inspection is the only way to determine if connectors are truly clean before they are mated. With inspection and cleaning solutions that address the needs of fiber component and system manufacturers, communication service providers, premises network managers, and military and aerospace industries, JDSU provides the most complete product portfolio for inspecting and cleaning fiber optic connectors. Explore these resources to see firsthand how a proactive “Inspect Before You Connect” program with JDSU Westover inspection and cleaning tools can speed deployment, reduce downtime, optimize signal performance, and protect network components from damage.

        

For a comprehensive range of products visit the JDSU site or call our staff for assistance in selecting the right equipment for your application.

Dispersion in Optical Fibers

By Gildas Chauvel – Anritsu Corporation

 

Telecommunications service providers have to face continuously growing bandwidth demands in all networks areas, from long-haul to access. Because installing new communication links would require huge investments, telecommunications carriers prefer to increase the capacity of their existing fiber links by using dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) systems and/or higher bit rates systems. However, most of the installed optical fibers are old and exhibit physical characteristics that may limit their ability to transmit high-speed signals.

The broadening of light pulses, called dispersion, is a critical factor limiting the quality of signal transmission over optical links. Dispersion is a consequence of the physical properties of the transmission medium. Single-mode fibers, used in high-speed optical networks, are subject to Chromatic Dispersion (CD) that causes pulse broadening depending on wavelength, and to Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) that causes pulse broadening depending on polarization. Excessive spreading will cause bits to “overflow” their intended time slots and overlap adjacent bits. The receiver may then have difficulty discerning and properly interpreting adjacent bits, increasing the Bit Error Rate. To preserve the transmission quality, the maximum amount of time dispersion must be limited to a small proportion of the signal bit rate, typically 10% of the bit time.

With optical networks moving from 2.5 Gbps to 10 Gbps and onto 40 Gbps, the acceptable tolerance of dispersion is drastically reduced. For instance, the amount of acceptable chromatic dispersion decreases by a factor of 16 when moving from 2.5 to 10 Gbps, and by an additional factor of 16 moving from 10 to 40 Gbps. These tight tolerances of high-speed networks mean that every possible source of pulse spreading should be addressed. Operating companies need to measure the dispersion of their networks to assess the possibility of upgrading them to higher transmission speeds, or to evaluate the need for compensation. This paper presents the causes and effects of dispersion and describes the different ways to measure it.

for the complete white Paper "Dispersion in Optical Fibers" By Gildas Chauvel – Anritsu Corporation

Telecom Application: Mobile Backhaul (Omnitron Systems Inc.)

 

In this application, four T1s are extended between two PBXs using an iConverter 4xT1/E1 MUX over a fiber link.

Multimode or single-mode fiber can be used, and fiber links can be extended up to 120km using single-mode fiber.

more details on  "Omnitron Systems Inc"   web site

DWDM (Optelian)

 

Fiber Mining the Metro Network LightGAIN Active 8 Channel DWDM Solution

• Free up fiber quickly, easily, and inexpensively (no digging, permits or ROW issues)
• Upgradable to 10Gbps
• Use recovered fiber for additional deployments of OC3/12/48, ESCON, FICON, GIG-E, SAN, or 2.5Gbps to 10Gbps services.
• Quick ROI with new services

"Opetlian"   web site